Due to the assumed insignificance of drought hazards under temperate conditions this field remains poorly studied. In the first place drought is a phenomenon caused by deficient precipitation for a large area and significant duration. In case the temporary water deficiency affects groundwater bodies, the term groundwater drought is used. Groundwater droughts develop slowly but can have considerable socio-economic and environmental consequences. Next to natural meteorological variations also human induced factors play a role. There is a need for an improved understanding of groundwater drought and the human-induced factors influencing the groundwater balance. This should form the basis for an integrated approach which allows tackling negative effects and safeguarding sustainability of groundwater resources.